مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال هجدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 126، مهر 1398)

Food industry wastewater has a high pollution load, which is due to water consumption at various stages. In the absence of adequate wastewater management and supervision of the food industry, this wastewater can be considered as a source of environmental pollution. This study aimed to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process for the treatment of food industry wastewater.

The present study was a laboratory study. Aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride were used as coagulant and cationic poly-electrolytes C-270 and anion A-300 were used as coagulant aid. Then, the optimization of pH (4.5-10.5), coagulant concentration (300-800 mg/L) and coagulation aid (3-8 mg/L) were evaluated by calculating optimal removal efficiency of turbidity, total suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand. And the results were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

The results showed that at optimal pH (8.5), poly aluminum chloride concentration (600 mg/L) in combination with cationic poly-electrolyte C-270 (5 mg/L), removal efficiency for turbidity, TSS and COD parameters were 98.75%, 98.5%, and 82.4%, respectively.

It can be concluded that using poly aluminum chloride as a coagulant and cationic polyelectrolyte C-270 as a coagulant aid can be used as an appropriate pretreatment for reducing the organic load for food industry sewage.

The effects of maximal and sub-maximal resistance exercise on leukocytes and coagulator factors is ambiguous. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of maximum and sub-maximal resistance training intensities on leukocytes and blood coagulation factors in non-athlete men.

In this clinical trial study, 19 young non-athlete men with age 20.16±1.21 years and weight 65.74±1.37 kg completed maximal resistance exercise (85% 1RM [One-Repetition Maximum]) with right hand and after one week, sub-maximal resistance exercise (60% 1RM) with 3 sets of 15 repetitions and 3 minutes rest intervals. 5 ml blood were taken before, immediately, 2h, 24h, 48h and 72h after exercise, and leukocytes were measured by cell counter and platelets and factor VIII by auto-analyzer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated-measures and Bonferroni, and the means of the two exercises were studied using paired t-test.

Leukocytes and coagulation factors were significantly higher than rest level immediately, 2h and 24h after both exercises (p=0.042) and then decreased to rest level 48h and 72h after training. There was no significant difference between neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes at different intervals after both maximal and sub-maximal exercises. However, the platelets and factor VIII after the maximal exercise were significantly more than the sub-maximal exercise (p=0.045).

So, due to the higher increase of platelets and factor VIII levels after maximal intensity exercise and the risk of blood clot formation, it is suggested that non-athlete people start the resistance training program with submaximal intensity for maintaining the health.

Psychological well-being is considered as one of the important factors in the development of personal and social development in research literature, which is influenced by various factors such as the time perspective and life expectancy. This study aimed to predict the psychological well-being of students based on the time perspective dimensions through the mediator role of life expectancy.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2018 .The sample consisted of 384 students selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data was collected using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales, the Zimbardo's Time Perspective, and the Snyder's Hope. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation.

The results indicated that the model was suitable for fitting the model and the coefficients of the indirect path between the dimensions of the negative past time perspective (p=0.002, β=-0.43), positive past (p=0.004, β=0.38), future (p=0.012, β=0.22), present hedonistic (p=0.003, β=0.41), present-fatalist (p=0.001, β=-0.29), and transcendental-future (p=0.042, β=0.24) and psychological well-being were significant. The results showed the mediating role of life expectancy in the relationship between the time perspective dimensions and the psychological well-being of students.

The results indicated that the dimensions of the time perspective are both directly and with life expectancy mediation related to psychological well-being. It seems that to improve the psychological well-being of students, strengthening the time perspective and life expectancy can be important.

Genu varum is one of the most common knee deformities, which can cause changes in the forces of the body and the way the muscles of the lower limbs function due to changes in the mechanical axis of lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate ground reaction forces and electromyography muscle activity of lower extremity during the stance phase of walking in subjects with and without genu varum deformity.

In this descriptive study conducted in Kharazmi University in 2017, 30 active men were categorized into two groups of genu varum (n=15) and normal (n=15) based on their knee posture. The participants’ age ranged from 20 to 25 years. Using force plate and electromyography, respectively, ground reaction force and muscle activity were calculated. The data were analyzed utilizing independent samples t-test for between-group differences.

The findings indicated that the depth force of vertical ground reaction force in the normal group had significantly higher value compared to the genu varum group (p=0.018). Also, gluteus medius muscle during the loading response phase of walking in the active male with genu varum had significantly higher levels of activity than the control group (p=0.031).

According to the findings of this research, it seems that mechanical deviation due to the deformity of the genu varum causes some changes in the ground reaction forces and the performance of the lower limb muscles during walking. The findings point to the need to pay attention to these factors in people with genu varum.

As the population in rural areas grows, health and environmental safety problems increase. Considering the nature of rural settlements as well as the dangers and incidents that threaten the villagers, the present study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of establishing a health and environmental safety administration system in the rural management of Jazinak village of Zabol town in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

In this descriptive study, the statistical research population was selected through census sampling in 2017 and consisted of 52 managers, trustworthy executives, village chiefs and members of Islamic councils. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables, and one-way ANOVA and independent t-test were utilized for analyzing the data.

The results revealed that the role of village chiefs in protecting the environment of the village was 57.6% (30 people) and at a good level. The status of safety indicators of 3 people (5.8%) was poor, of 39 people (75%) was average, of 8 people (15.4%) was good, and of 2 people (3.8%) was excellent; the environment status of the village was considered poor by 5 people (9.6%), average by 24 people (46.1%), good by (38.5%) of the villagers, and great by 3 people (5.8%). Health and environmental safety indicators showed significant differences (p = 0.001).

The findings showed that the average score of the status of health and environmental safety indicators in Jazinak village is average and poor. Therefore, it is necessary to pay careful attention to the implementation and establishment of health and environmental safety administration in villages.

The knowledge related to the methodology of the field trial study as a type of intervention studies, yet for many of our researchers is not fully understood. The aim of the current study was a better understanding of conducting this type of research.
Field trial studies are done on healthy individuals and aim to prevent. These types of studies such as clinical trials are performed on both individual and collective levels. One type of these studies is Community Intervention Trial which is usually done on a large scale population. Field trial study should be carried out in stages, such as the formulation of hypotheses, selection of the population (reference population, study population, and sampling), measuring the baseline variables (before conducting preventive intervention), random allocation of subjects to intervention and control groups, doing interventions and measuring outcome.
The methodology of field trial studies is very similar to clinical trials. The difference is that field trials are conducted on healthy individuals and aim to prevent and also the sample size required to this type of study is relatively more, and these studies are usually time consuming and costly.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin.

In this cross- sectional study, 100 samples of traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin were randomly collected over a period of one year and in different seasons. The culture method was then confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.

The inflammation rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 5% in most seasons in the traditional and device-made ice cream and the most inflammation was in summer, and 80% (4 cases) of the isolated bacteria were methicillin resistant.

The use of pasteurized ice cream and observance of health principles in producing traditional and device-made ice cream will reduce the risk of contamination and food poisoning.

Peritonitis is one of the most important emergency abdominal surgeries which mostly occurs due to intra-abdominal visceral perforation.

The patient was a 54-year-old man referred to the emergency department for abdominal pain and inability in passing gas and defecation. In physical examination, there was a generalized tenderness with guarding; in the image, pneumoperitoneum and in the laboratory test, leukocytosis with left shift. The patient had a perforated peptic ulcer and also perforated appendicitis which underwent the emergent laparotomy. He was treated by the appendectomy. The patient was discharged after 5 days with a good general condition after taking the drug with the Helicobacter pylori and normal regimen; and in the follow-up of the patient in the clinic, the patient was good.

In people who refer with generalized abdominal pain and undergo laparotomy while in the initial examination, an early pathology is evident; it is recommended that other areas of the abdomen be investigated